Corporate Ownership Structure

Regular (<20%)

Associate (20-50%)

Subsidiary (>50%)

Company A ownership of Company B

0% 100%

51%

Company B ownership of Company C

0% 100%

40%

Company A

51% (Subsidiary)

Company B

Owned: 51%

40% (Associate)

Company C

Owned: 40%

Company A effectively owns 20.4% of Company C (Associate)

IFRS Rules and Jamaican Law on Corporate Ownership:

Less than 20% ownership: Regular investment with no significant influence
20% to 50% ownership: Associate company (significant influence but not control)
Greater than 50% ownership: Subsidiary company (control)

Indirect Ownership Calculation: Multiply the direct ownership percentages along the chain. For example, if Company A owns 51% of Company B, and Company B owns 40% of Company C, then Company A effectively owns 51% × 40% = 20.4% of Company C.